CISA Exam-Testing Concept-Components of LAN (Repeater/Hub/Switch/Bridge/Router)

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Domain-4

Testing Concept-Components of LAN (Repeater/Hub/Switch/Bridge/Router)

Hemang Doshi

CISA, ACA, DISA, FIII

Details about this E-Book:

The objective of this e-book is to ensure that CISA candidate get adequate knowledge on concept of various components of LAN such as repeater, hub, switch, bridge, router etc. Concepts have been simplified for easy reference of CISA candidates.

Questions, Answers and Explanation (QAE) on concept are designed in accordance with CISA exam pattern.

 

 

 

 

 

CRM (CISA Review Manual) covers following LAN components:

 

 

 

OSI Layer:

 

First very step is to understand OSI layer at which below devices operate. It must be noted that higher the layer, more intelligent the devices will be

 

CISA aspirant should be aware about layer of OSI at which below devices operate.

 

Hub – Physical Layer (1^st Layer)

Switch – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Bridge – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Router – Network Layer (3^rd Layer)

Gateway-Application Layer (7^th Layer)

 

. Out of above Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Gateway (layer 7) is the most intelligent device.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Repeater:

 

 

Dictionary meaning of repeater is a person or thing that repeats something.

 

In telecommunications, a repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it. Repeaters are used to extend transmissions so that the signal can cover longer distances or be received on the other side of an obstruction.

 

They compensate for signals that are distorted due to a reduction of signal strength during transmission.

 

 

Hub & Switch:

 

 

 

 

Hub is a dumb device. It forwards message to all the connected computers irrespective of whether message is intended for them or not.

 

 

 

 

Switch is a smarter than Hub. It forwards message to only that computer for which message is intended.

 

 

 

 

Bridge:

 

Bridge works like Layer 2-Switch.

 

Both Bridge & Switch works at layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of OSI Layers

 

By examining the MAC address, the bridge can make decisions to direct the packet to its destination.

 

Bridge has the capacity to store frames and act as a storage and forward device

 

Difference between Bridge & Switch:

 

 

 

 

Router:

 

Routers are more intelligent version of Switch.

 

Routers operate at the network layer.

 

By examining the IP address, the router can make intelligent decisions to direct the packet to its destination.

 

The network segments linked by a router, however, remain logically separate and can function as independent networks.

 

Router can block broadcast information, block traffic to unknown addresses, and filter traffic based on network or host information.

 

Difference between Router & Layer-2 Switch:

 

 

 

 

Router connects two separate networks.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Points to Remember for CISA Exam:

 

 

Question, Answer & Explanation:

Below QAE are solely on the concept of various components of LAN. Candidates are advised to attempt below questions multiple times. More emphasis to be given on explanation part for better understanding.

(1) Which of the following devices has the capacity to store frames and act as a storage and forward device?

 

A. Hub

B. Bridge

C. Repeater

D. Router

 

Answer: B. Bridge

 

Explanation: Bridges act as store-and-forward devices in moving frames toward their destination. This is achieved by analyzing the MAC header of a data packet. By examining the MAC address, the bridge can make decisions to direct the packet to its destination. Bridge works like Layer 2-Switch. Both Bridge & Switch works at layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of OSI Layers.

 

 

(2) ‘Hub’ operates at which of the following OSI layer?

A.Data Link Layer

B.Physical Layer

C. Network Layer

D.Transport Layer

 

Answer: B.Physical Layer

 

Explanation: CISA aspirant should be aware about layer of OSI at which below devices operate.

Hub – Physical Layer (1^st Layer)

Switch – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Bridge – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Router – Network Layer (3^rd Layer)

Gateway-Application Layer (7^th Layer)

 

It must be noted that higher the layer, more intelligent the devices will be. Out of above Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Gateway (layer 7) is the most intelligent device.

 

 

(3) ‘Layer-2 Switch’ operates at which of the following OSI layer?

A.Data Link Layer

B.Physical Layer

C. Network Layer

D.Transport Layer

 

Answer: A.Data Link Layer

 

Explanation: CISA aspirant should be aware about layer of OSI at which below devices operate.

 

Hub – Physical Layer (1^st Layer)

Switch – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Bridge – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Router – Network Layer (3^rd Layer)

Gateway-Application Layer (7^th Layer)

 

It must be noted that higher the layer, more intelligent the devices will be. Out of above Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Gateway (layer 7) is the most intelligent device.

 

 

(4) ‘Bridge’ operates at which of the following OSI layer?

A.Data Link Layer

B.Physical Layer

C. Network Layer

D.Transport Layer

 

Answer: A.Data Link Layer

 

Explanation: CISA aspirant should be aware about layer of OSI at which below devices operate.

 

Hub – Physical Layer (1^st Layer)

Switch – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Bridge – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Router – Network Layer (3^rd Layer)

Gateway-Application Layer (7^th Layer)

 

It must be noted that higher the layer, more intelligent the devices will be. Out of above Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Gateway (layer 7) is the most intelligent device.

 

 

(5) ‘Router’ operates at which of the following OSI layer?

A.Data Link Layer

B.Physical Layer

C. Network Layer

D.Transport Layer

 

Answer: C. Network Layer

 

Explanation: CISA aspirant should be aware about layer of OSI at which below devices operate.

 

Hub – Physical Layer (1^st Layer)

Switch – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Bridge – Data Link Layer (2^nd Layer)

Router – Network Layer (3^rd Layer)

Gateway-Application Layer (7^th Layer)

 

It must be noted that higher the layer, more intelligent the devices will be. Out of above Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Gateway (layer 7) is the most intelligent device.

 

Which of the following is the most intelligent device?

A.Hub

B.Switch

C.Bridge

D.Router

 

Answer: D.Router

 

Explanation: It must be noted that higher the layer at which device operates, more intelligent the devices will be. Out of above, Hub (layer 1) is dumbest device and Router (layer 3) is the most intelligent device. By examining the IP address, the router can make intelligent decisions to direct the packet to its destination. Router can block broadcast information, block traffic to unknown addresses, and filter traffic based on network or host information.

 

 

(7) By examining the IP address, which of the following device can make intelligent decisions to direct the packet to its destination?

A.Hub

B.Layer-2 Switch

C.Bridge

D.Router

 

Answer: D.Router

 

Explanation: Router operates at Network Layer (i.e. 3^rd Layer) of OSI Model. By examining the IP address, the router can make intelligent decisions to direct the packet to its destination. Router can block broadcast information, block traffic to unknown addresses, and filter traffic based on network or host information.

Mock Test :

 

To attempt mock test on various components of LAN, please visit below link:

[+ http://cisaexamstudy.com/components-lan-repeaterhubswitchbridgerouter-mock-test/+]

Video Tutorial :

 

To watch video tutorial on various components of LAN, please visit below link:

 

[* http://cisaexamstudy.com/components-lan-repeaterhubswitchbridgerouter-video-tutorial/*]

 

 

[* Other CISA Exam- Study Material *]

 

Domain 1

 

Steps of Risk Assessment

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F2j8xhPaFTg

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/622303

 

Types of Risk

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvuvARXcjss

 

 

Compliance & Substantive Testing

https://youtu.be/3-u2mpIZzW8

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/625599

 

 

Difference between Inherent Risk & Residual Risk

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72kv6yOpXEI

 

Difference between Vulnerability & Threat

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6KxEbth2Ziw

 

Audit Charter

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbCJ3ceDuso

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/633923

 

COBIT-5

 

https://youtu.be/WfwjpDdBqr4

 

Internal Controls

 

https://youtu.be/RuX2hLnm3vY

 

Control Self Assessment (CSA)

 

https://youtu.be/cGcMmt-03as

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/658967

 

Sampling

 

https://youtu.be/Ynif7SqvkvM

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/661847

 

 

Domain 2

 

Outsourcing Functions

 

https://youtu.be/vQsX6ZQSDXk

 

IT Strategy Committee & IT Steering Committee

 

https://youtu.be/Za9VMrSe094

 

IT Alignment with Business Objectives

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEsP2LXSF9U

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/633047

 

IT Balanced Score Card

 

https://youtu.be/tvNAvAL9ZIg

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/639816

 

Roles of various functions of IT

 

https://youtu.be/UMDZrfp1W2Q

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/645822

 

 

 

Domain 3

 

Online Auditing Techniques

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HmGFIJlLu-4

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/637926

 

[* Parity-Checksum-CRC*]

 

https://youtu.be/Y14jVvOKqaU

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/656262

 

Check Digit

 

https://youtu.be/VH2yd3A6bMc

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/656262

 

PERT-CPM-Gantt Chart-FPA-EVA-Timebox

 

https://youtu.be/zYZYvcr_-3M

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/666753

 

Testing in SDLC

 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43nFUFzTbBU

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/687052

 

Software Development Methodology

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/733679

 

[+ http://cisaexamstudy.com/agile-system-development-methodology-video-tutorial/+]

 

 

 

Domain 4

 

Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and Recovery Point Objective (RPO)

 

https://youtu.be/2rDusGnW9qw

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/646456

 

 

Alternate Recovery Site

 

https://youtu.be/jCpcqaazkY4

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/647476

 

 

Alternative Routing & Diverse Routing

 

[* http://cisaexamstudy.com/diverse-routing-alternate-routing-video-tutorial/*]

 

Physical Network Media

 

[* http://cisaexamstudy.com/physical-network-media-video-tutorial-cisa-domain-4/*]

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/736761

 

Components of LAN

 

[* http://cisaexamstudy.com/components-lan-repeaterhubswitchbridgerouter-video-tutorial/*]

 

 

 

Domain 5

 

Digital Signature

 

https://youtu.be/_N3jisd1Vis

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/648923

 

Wireless (Wi-Fi)Security

 

https://youtu.be/csbd_V9PknI

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/651918

 

Firewall Types

 

https://youtu.be/x650kcv6Mfk

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/654726

 

Firewall Implementation

 

https://youtu.be/lltKNTdjg4Y

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/654726

 

Logical Access

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/630325

 

Classification of Information Assets

 

https://youtu.be/z7MwD8_ayCs

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/669437

 

 

Asymmetric Encryption

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/674900

 

https://youtu.be/mCM6dyQ_KmQ

 

 

Elements of Public Key Infrastructure

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/679445

 

https://youtu.be/ZqVciCzS3ng

 

Biometrics

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/685250

 

https://youtu.be/EmTOytQv4yM

 

 

IDS & IPS

 

https://youtu.be/0J49Ij_l8VU

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/692601

 

OSI Architecture

 

https://youtu.be/vkjBo2_9aDE

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/703536

 

Single Sign On

 

https://youtu.be/ITIFz5pyAls

 

https://www.Shakespir.com/books/view/707248

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